Tuesday, 7 January 2020

Social Awareness and Action to Neutralise Pneumonia Successfully' (SAANS) campaign

NOSG PIC


The Union Ministry for Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launched the launch of SAANS campaign i.e. “Social Awareness and Action to Neutralise Pneumonia Successfully” to control Pneumonia. 
This campaign will mobilize people's for protecting and preventing children from pneumonia; and health personnel, governments & other stakeholders to prioritize treatment towards the control of Pneumonia — one of the most fatal childhood illnesses. 

Child deaths caused by pneumonia

As per data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS), a digital initiative by National Health Mission, out of 1000 live births in India, 37 children under five die. Of these, 5.3 deaths are caused due to pneumonia.
As per HMIS data, Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of pneumonia-caused child deaths, followed by Gujarat.
Under the SAANS campaign, (OBJECTIVE)
New interventions have been included like
  1. Under SAANS, the government is targeting a reduction in pneumonia-caused deaths by 2025 to less than 3 deaths out of 1000 live births. 
  2. A child suffering from Pneumonia will be treated with pre-referral dose of Amoxicillin by ASHA; 
  3. Pulse Oximeter will be used at the Health and Wellness Centre for identification of low oxygen levels in the blood and if required treated by use of Oxygen. 
  4. The initiative also aims to create mass awareness about the most effective solutions for pneumonia prevention like breast feeding, age appropriate complementary feeding, immunization, good quality air etc.
  5. The web portal for home based care of children including newborn visited by ASHA, was also launched at the Summit. 
  6. This portal has all the resource materials (training materials, IEC videos, audios, banners, posters etc.) for the home visits of ASHAs. 


Thursday, 2 January 2020

AIIMS Jodhpur Nursing Officer Exam. Date declered



SCHEME OF RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION INCLUDING IMPORTANT DATES FOR THE POST OF 
NURSING OFFICER (STAFF NURSE-GRADE-II) FOR AIIMS BHOPAL, JODHPUR, PATNA AND RAIPUR 
SCHEDULED ON 07.02.2020 IN ONLINE (CBT) MODE ACROSS THE COUNTRY
Status for application & rejected :-
Wednesday 08
th January, 2020

application with reason for rejection.:-
Wednesday 15
th January, 2020 (upto 5:00 p.m.)


Last date for uploading of images / 
submission of required documents

Date of uploading of Admit Card :- Thursday 30th January, 2020
Date of Recruitment Examination :- Friday 07th February, 2020
Tentative date of declaration of result :- Thursday 20
th February, 2020
Timing & Duration of Examination 09:00 AM to 12:00 Noon
Duration of Examination The duration of the examination shall be 3 hrs. (180 minutes)


Saturday, 28 December 2019

SEXUAL DISORDER


SEXUAL DISORDER
Sexual disorder is related to sexual function and gender identify.
v Alteration in sexual behavior or paraphilia’s: -Abnormal behavior for minimum six month, it is also classified in following.
Ø  Exhibitionism: -Sexual urges and fantasies that result in exposure of genitals to strangers to bring sexual gratification or arousal.
Ø  Transexualism: - Feeling that one’s gender is inappropriate and desiring to acquire sexual characteristics of the opposite gender.
Ø  Fetishism:- Using non-living object for sexual gratification.
Ø  Pedophilia: -Desiring sexual activity with a child younger than 13 years.
Ø  Frotteurism: -Non consenting person,intense sexual arousal or desire when rubbing against a non- consenting person.
Ø  Sexual masochism: -Sexual gratification that involves receiving pain.
Ø  Sexual sadism: -Sexual gratification that involves inflicting pain.
Ø  Sexual voyeurism: -Sexual gratification through observing other is disrobing or engaging in sexual activity.
Ø  Zoophilias: -Intense sexual arousal or desire for sexual contact with animals.
Ø  Transvestism: -Sexual arousal or desire though wearing clothes of opposite sex.

v Sexual expression disorder:-
Ø  Bisexuality: -Sexual attraction to and activity with both gender.
Ø  Hetero sexuality: -Sexual attraction to opposite.
Ø  Homosexuality: -Same sex sexual attraction.

v Sexual dysfunction: - It occur when disturbance in any phase of sexual response cycle.
Ø  Phase of sexual attraction:-
§  Phase 1 (desire)
§  Phase 2 (excitement)
§  Phase 3 (orgasm-peak level of sex)
§  Phase 4 (resolution-feeling of general relaxation and wellbeing after ejaculation)
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION ARE CLASSIFIED IN FOLLOWING:-
v Sexual aversion disorder: -Extreme aversion to genital sexual contact with sexual partner.
v Erectile dysfunction or impotence: -Unable to maintain or attain adequate erection till satisfactory completion of sexual activity or inter course. It is also classified in two type


 

                                                                       
                                                              
v Dyspareunia: -Pain during sexual intercourse.
v Veganism: -In vagina occur involuntary contraction in 2/3 outer part. By which impossibility of intercourse or penile insertion

Quick review point for Nervous System


  • ·    

  •        1.Hypothalamus regulate (SAH-FEAST)
  • Ø  S – Stress response
  • Ø  A – autonomic response  include sympathetic & parasympathetic
  • Ø  H – Hormone production
  • Ø  F – Fluid balance
  • Ø  E – Emotion
  • Ø  A – Appetite
  • Ø  S – SLEEP
  • Ø  T – Temperature regulation
  • ·       is a relay station of sensory impulse, provide pain gate , and is part of reticular activation  system(provide sense  about familiar things)
  • ·       Pons contain respiratory center and regulate breathing (AD-PR – means   apneustic for depth, inspiration and pneumocystis for the rate )
  • ·       Medulla oblongata contain all afferent and efferent tract of cardiac , respiratory , vomiting and vasomotor reflex center (sneezing coughing)
  • ·       Cerebellum coordinate muscle movement   posture  , equilibrium , muscle tone.
  • ·       Spinal cord contain horns (inner column of gray matter contain two anterior and two posterior horns. Posterior horns connect with afferent (sensory) nerve fibers, and anterior horns connect with efferent( motor) nerve fiber. (anterior part for MTP-means m- motor, T- temperature, P – pain & posterior part for PVT means – P- pressure, V – vibration, T – Touch sense)
  • ·        Frontal lobe contain broca’s area for speech, and other is moral ,emotional reasoning, judgement,concentration.
  • ·       Parietal lobe responsible for interpretation of test, pain, touch, temperature and pressure.
  • ·       Temporal lobe for auditory, wernic’s area for sensory and speech.
  • ·       Occipital for the vision area.
  • ·       Limbic systiem for emotional patterns and visceral patterns of survival.
  • ·       Cerebrospinal fluid normal volume is 120- 150 ml and pressure about 50 to 175mmh2o
  • ·       Neurotransmitter (PASAND)
  • Ø  P- POLYPEPTIDE
  • Ø  A – ACETYLCHOLIN
  • Ø  S – SEROTONIN
  • Ø  A – AMINO ACID
  • Ø  N – NPREPINEPHRIN
  • Ø  D- DOPAMINE
  • ·       Sypathetic( adrenergic ) fiber dilate the pupil,increase the heart rate and rhythm, contractblood vessels ,  and relax smooth muscle of bronchi.
  • ·       Parasympathetic (cholinergic ) fiber produce opposite effect of sympathetic system.
  • ·       Always check with the client about the possibility of pregnancy before any radiological procedure are done.
  • ·       Asses the need to withhold metformin if iodinated contrast dye is used for a diagnostic procedure because of the risk for metformin induce lactic acidosis.
  • ·       An MRI contraindicated in a pregnant women because the increase in amniotic fluid temperature that occurs during the procedure maybe harmful to the fetus .
  • ·       Insertion of a spinal needle through the L3-L4 interspace  into lumber subarachnoid space to obtain CSF  ,puncture is contraindicate in increase intracranial pressure , sample taken in fetal attitude position   , c-shape lateral recumbent position, after  procedure flat position should be given.
  • ·       Caloric testing ( oculovestibular reflex) it provide the information about the function of vestibular portion of 8th cranial nerve and it aid the diagnosis of cerebellar and brain stem lesion, in which provide supine position to  patient and head elevated and inject hot or cold water in ear and heck for nystagmus( involuntary eye movement) remember TRIC  is  COWS ( Means  C- COLD WATER –OPPOSITE EYE NYSTAGMUS AND WARM WATER SAME EYE NYSTAGMUS),If test is positive nystagmus means no lesion.
  • ·       Level of consciousness is the   most sensitive indicator of neurological status, it check by GLASSGO COMA SCALE.
  • ·       Rhythmic, with period of apnea is called  Cheyne –stokes it indicate metabolic dysfunction in the cerebral hemisphere or basal ganglia
  • ·       Regular rapid and deep sustained respiration is called neurogenic hyperventilatation . indicate a dysfunction in the low midbrain and middle pons.
  • ·       Irregular respiration, with pauses at the end of inspiration and expiration is called apneustic ,indicate dysfunction in the meddle and caudal pons.
  • ·       Cluster of breath with irregular spaced pauses called cluster respiration , indicate dysfunction in the medulla and pons
  • ·       One dilated pupil indicate compressed cranial nerve 3rd .
  • ·       Bilateral dilated ,fixed pupils called ominus sign,indicate midbrain injury.
  • ·       Pinpoint pupil indicate pons damage(pontine damage) and organophosphate poisoning.
  • ·       Flexor( decorticate posturing) in which client flexes one or both arms on the chest and may extend the legs stiffly. It indicate nonfunctioning cortex.
  • ·       Extensor ( decerebrate posturing ) client stiffly extended one or both arm and possible the legs. It indicate brainstem lesion.
  • ·       Flaccid posturing – client display no motor response in any extremity.
  • ·       Babinski reflex means dorsi flexion of the big toe and fanning of the other toe ,elicited by firmly stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot.(is a pathological or abnormal reflex in anyone older than 2 year and represent the presence of central nervous system disease.
  • ·       Blink reflex –involuntary closure of the eyelids in response to stimulation of the cornea ,it indicate dysfunction of cranial nerve –V
  • ·       Gag reflex (contraction of pharyngeal muscle , elicited by touching the back of the throat ) loss of gag reflex indicate dysfunction of cranial nerve ix and x.
  • ·       Involuntary flexion of the hip and knee when the neck is passively flexed indicate meningeal irritation  is called brudzinski sign.
  • ·       


  •  Kernig’s sing Loss of the ability of a supine client to straighten the knee and hip; indicate meningeal irritation.
  • ·        In GCS score is based on a scale of 1-15 point a score lower than 8 indicate that coma is present
  • ·       A score lower than 8 indicate that coma is present.
  • ·       In GCS lowest possible score is 3 point means deep coma or death and highest possible score is 15 point means fully conscious and in GCS scale EVM is checked E – MEANS eye opening point  response maximum is 4,V – Verbal response  max. point is 5, M – MEANS  Motar  response max. point  is  6.
  • ·       Altered level of consciousness, which is the most sensitive and earliest indication of increase ICP. Other widened pulse pressure , slow pulse , vomiting(fist sign in new born).
  • ·       Late sings  of increase ICP include increase systolic blood pressure ,widening pulse pressure and slow heart.
  • ·       Maintaining respiratory status( increase rate )  and prevent hypoxia ,maintain mechanical ventilation as prescribe maintain the PaCO2 at 30 to  35 mm hg will result in vasoconstriction of the cerebral blood vessels , decease blood flow ,and then decrease in IVP.
  • ·       For the client with increase ICP elevate the head of the bed 30-40 degree , avoid the trendelenburg  position ,and prevent flexion of the neck and hip.
  • ·       VP shunt use for the surgical intervention for ICP, and in which divert CSF  from the ventricles into the  peritoneum. After  procedure provide supine position and turn from the back to the non-operating side.
  • ·       CONCUSSION – is a jarring of the brain with in the skull ,with no loss of consciousness.
  • ·       CINTUSSION-  it is a bruishing type of injury to the brain tissue and it occur with other  neurological injury .sub dural and epidural hemotoma.
  • ·       EPIDURAL HEMOTOMA – it form rapidly , result from arterial rupture.(meningeal artery) between dura and skull.it is a surgical emergency condition ,temporary loss of consciousness.
  • ·       SUBDURAL HEMOTOMA  slow and result from venous blood.it occure under the dura.
  • ·       CSF can be distinguished from other fluid by the presence of  concentric  ring (bloody fluid surrounding by yellowish stain , halo ring) when the fluid is place on a white sterile backgroung ,such as a gauze pad. CSF  also test positive for glucose when tested using a strip test.
  • ·       In hematoma condition maintain patent airway because increase co2 level increase cerebral edema .give morphine sulphate if prescribe to decrease agitation and control restlessness caused by pain but it administer with caution because it cause respiratory depression.
  • ·



Friday, 11 October 2019

DUTIES OF NURSING OFFICER

Staff Nurse:
NURSING OFFICER 

General:
1.      Work under the instructions of Assistant Nursing Superintendent, Nursing Sister and Ward Incharge.
2.      Maintain professional ethics. Encourage colleagues to maintain professional ethics and participate in professional activities.
3.      Keep professional knowledge up to date and encourage colleagues to do the same.
4.      Act as “de facto” sister as and when situation arises in the ward or department. Work in place of the Ward Incharge in his/her absence.
5.      Implement and maintain ward policies and routines.
6.      Help the Ward Incharge to carry out her work. Draw up nursing care plan for all patients in the ward in consultation with the ward sister.
7.      Help the ward sister in indenting and checking drugs and other supplies and maintaining the inventory of each category of items.
8.      Keep a sub-store of drugs, linen and other supplies in her charge for use. Ensure availability of materials and drugs round the clock in all three shifts. Report shortages to sister in charge.
9.      Co-ordinate patient care with various health team members including those from other departments.
10.  Accompany very ill patients to other departments or to other institutions when transferred.
11.  Take reports and take detailed bed to bed round at the time of changing of shift in the unit. Sign night report after checking. Give and receive reports.
12.  Help in making diet register and supervise distribution of diet.  See that diets are served to and eaten by the patient.
13.  Maintain poison (schedule) drugs registers.
14.  Supervise students and other junior nursing personnel. Supervise medicine given by students. Supervise nursing care being given by nursing students.
15.  Maintain emergency trays and other duty room trays, sterilizers, instruments in working condition by getting indents from sister or getting repairs done in case of a break down. Maintain all procedure trays in readiness.
16.  Maintain safety of the ward equipment.
17.  Take over from previous duty nurse all new and serious patients, instruments, supplies, drugs etc.
18.  Write day and night orders.
19.  Checklist and keep patients belonging in safe custody as per hospital policy.
20.  Routinely care and clean dressing trolleys, cupboards, apparatus etc.
21.  Maintain clean and safe environment for the patients. Supervise the work of the subordinate staff and ensure that cleanliness and sanitation of ward and cleanliness of furniture, equipment and all ward fixtures are maintained by them. Ensure regular mopping and dusting. Report any dereliction of duty in this regard to superiors.
22.  Ensure that items are properly sterilized and sterilize items as and when required.
23.  Prepare surgical, supplies, bandages, splints in advance to ensure availability.
24.  Take care of clean and soiled linen. Ensure disinfection of linen, beds, floor and bed pans.
25.  Maintain ward records and reports assigned to her/him by the sister incharge. Maintain ward statistics.
26.  Maintain good inter-personal relations with all other staff
27.  Supervise subordinate staff. Make sure that they maintain discipline.
28.  Be polite and sympathetic to the patients and their attendants. Assist and instruct patient and their relatives.
29.  Ensure that Universal Precaution equipment is readily available and is being used by the staff.
30.  Look after Bio-medical hazards and Bio-medical waste management and ensure that equipment and processes for the same are in place.
31.  Follow and ensure that others follow appropriate universal precautions and hospital waste disposal rules and regulation.
32.  Utilize HIS and other software as needed/instructed.
33.  Assist in measures directed towards management of mass casualties and disasters.
34.  Maintain cleanliness of person and dress.
35.  Educate and direct junior staff.
36.  Any other duty assigned by competent authority.
                                                 
Nursing:
1.      Give expert bedside care to patients and perform special technical duties in areas like operation theatres, intensive care units, clinical specialties etc., as assigned.  Ensure that total health needs of all the patients are met.
2.      Be aware of the physical condition of all patients, especially paying attention to those who are seriously ill and be aware of any special nursing problems. Attend to patients with utmost sincerity and devotion.
3.      Especially responsible for the care of acutely ill or seriously ill patients.
4.      Observe changes in patients’ condition and records, take necessary action and report promptly to the concerned authority. Inform and send call to doctor when patient’s condition so warrants. Complete and hand over all relevant records and reports to the next shift staff nurse.
5.      Render pre-operative, post-operative and intensive care to patients. Prepare patients for operations and ensure that he/she is sent to operation theatre with all necessary papers and medications. Reassure pre operative patients.
6.      Prepare for and assist in diagnostic procedures.
7.      Attend to normal and special nutritional needs of patients and give special types of feeds (nasogastric, gastrostomy etc.) and supervise serving of meals and special diets to the patients. Prepare invalid diet and other special feeds and feed helpless patients.
8.      Ensure proper admission, transfer and discharge of patients. Verify the details of patients coming from Casualty, OPD or other departments for admission and ensure that the papers of the patients are in order before admitting, discharging or transferring them. Ensure that a discharged patient goes home with proper understanding of the follow up procedure and details of the diet, medication and exercise etc.
9.      Carry out administration of Oxygen, nebulization, BIPAP/CPAP. Do catherization, and give enema, bowel wash, stomach wash, eye and ear care, perineal care, breast care and baby care etc. Do irrigations and dressings.
10.  Maintain personal hygiene and comfort of patients. Bathe/ wet scrub patients once daily, and more frequently if required. Give daily care of eyes, mouth, nails and pressure points. Give four hourly, or more frequent attention to pressure points. Give and remove bed and urine pans and hot water bottles.
11.  Make beds daily and change clothes of those patients who are unable to do so.
12.  Prepare articles and patients for medical or nursing procedures and assist in them. Clear up after procedure.
13.  Maintain record of temperature, pulse, B. P intake/output or any other parameter as required, medicines and injections administered with date time.
14.  Insert and fix I/V* cannulas. Give oral medications and I/V* and I/M injections as prescribed by doctors. Clear up after injections. Keep a record of medications given and injections administered.
15.  Draw blood* for investigations. Collect samples, label them and dispatch to laboratory with proper forms filled by doctors. Do bed side urine testing, spot blood glucose level testing by Glucometer and other tests as feasible and desired by competent authority.
16.  Keep Blood transfusion tray ready and help the doctor with the procedure. 
17.  Accompany doctors on rounds. Take round notes, note and make alterations in treatment as prescribed by the doctors in treatment book and carry out all their instructions.
18.  Ensure that reports are collected in time and attached to case sheets.
19.  Make proper case sheets with details of patient in each page and keep them in neat and clean order. Maintain them properly and in good condition. Attach all reports, temperature charts and intake output charts or any other special chart to it.  Make sure that case sheets are not handled by anyone except the doctors in-charge of the patient, especially medico legal cases. Ensure that case sheets are not misplaced, mishandled or mutilated. Keep all records up to date.
20.  Prepare dead bodies as per protocol and ensure that they are transferred to the Mortuary or handed over to relatives after completing all legal and hospital formalities.
21.  In special areas carry out special duties in addition to normal duties, as assigned by competent authority.  Some of the duties which require expert handling are below (this is by no means a comprehensive list) :
i)                   Labour Room
Assist in normal and difficult deliveries, D&C and other procedures. Maintain records of deliveries.
ii)                 Operation Theatre
Maintain suture material, linen, instruments, gloves, sterilization trays and trolleys. Timely sterilization of OTs. Maintain records. Assist surgeons in procedures and surgeries.
iii)               Nursery
Take care of new born in all respects. Feed babies, change nappies, do gastric lavage, give vaccination.
iv)               ICU/ICCU
Total patients care, use various devices and monitors, help with all investigative procedures.



Teaching:

1.    Impart health education to patients and their attendants. Carry out health teaching for individuals or groups of patients. Take public lectures on health topics.
2.    Assist in orientation of new staff nurses and other subordinate staff.
3.    Initiate and plan for staff education programme in consultation with superiors. Participate in staff education programmes and attend staff meetings.
4.    Directly supervise all work done in the ward by nursing students.
5.    Instruct and demonstrate to students the various ward procedures and all aspects of patient care. Teach, supervise and guide nursing procedures performed by student nurses. Assist and participate in clinical teaching programme of student nurses as and when required. Instruct students specially the newly appointed ones in the correct ways of handling bed pans, urinals, sputum cups, kidney trays, soiled dressings, bandages, binders and linen etc. Provide for and demonstrate methods of disinfection and cleaning.
6.    Participate in clinical teaching, both planned and incidental.
7.    Teach and guide subordinate staff.


* Those nurses not trained/unable to undertake I/V procedures like drawing blood shall be made to undergo a 10 days training programme by a team as constituted by the Medical Superintendent/Competent Authority. They will be certified at the end of this training to undertake these procedures